Prevention and treatment of complications in the treatment of femoral shaft closed fracture with core drilling intramedullary nail / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the complications of core drilling intramedullary nail in the treatment of femoral shaft closed fracture and explore the treatment strategy.@*METHODS@#From August 2014 to June 2018, a total of 215 patients with closed femoral shaft fractures were treated with closed reduction core drill intramedullary nail, including 129 males and 86 females, aged from 18 to 62 years, with an average of (44.2±10.6) years old. The time from injury to operation was 3 to 21 days. There were 102 cases of AO type A fracture, 82 cases of AO type B fracture and 31 cases of AO type C fracture. The time of operation, the amount of blood loss during operation, the duration of hospitalization, the time of fracture healing and the HSS score of knee joint function at the last follow-up were recorded. The observation of complications included:iatrogenic fracture, core drill broken, core drill twist, postoperative infection, and fracture nonunion.@*RESULTS@#The average operation time was (63.2± 15.6) min and intraoperative blood loss was (150.0±34.5) ml. All the incisions reached grade A healing. Patients were follow up for a mean of (18.5±3.2) months, the average hospital stay was (4.3±1.2) days, and the average fracture healing time was (5.6±2.3) months. At the final follow-up, the average HSS score of knee joint was 90.3±4.7. Related complications occurred in 37 cases (17.2%). The core drill related complications occurred in 13 cases (6.0%), including core drill broken in 5 cases (2.3%), core removal in 1 case and slotting in 4 cases;core drill twist in 8 cases (3.7%). After the core was cut, the core was removed. Similar complicationsof conventional intramedullary nail:iatrogenic fracture was performed in 12 cases (5.6%), including 10 cases of fracture end split and 2 cases of distal perimedullary fracture of intramedullary nail. The patients with cleavage at the fracture end were not treated after judging their stability, and the patients with fracture around the distal end of the intramedullary nail were fixed with auxiliary steel plate during operation;1 case(0.4%) with delayed infection after operation, debridement and external fixation was replaced and healed after bone transfer; fracture nonunion occurred in 11 cases (5.1%), of which 7 cases (3.3%) were hypertrophic nonunion and healed with additional plate. Atrophic nonunion occurred in 4 cases (1.9%), which healed after additional steel plate and bone graft.@*CONCLUSION@#Core drilling intramedullary nail is an effective method for the treatment of closed femoral shaft fracture, and the complications include core drill related complications and conventional intramedullary nail similar complications. Accurate preoperative evaluation, careful operation during operation and early postoperative symptomatic treatment can effectively reduce the occurrence of related complications.

Interlock plate fixation for the treatment of femoral hypertrophic nonunions after intramedullary nailing fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical effect of locking plate assisted intramedullary nail in treating femoral hypertrophic nonunions after intramedullary fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to December 2015, clinical data of 40 patients with femoral nonunions after intramedullary nail internal fixation treated with interlock plate internal fixation were respectively analyzed. Among patients, there were 22 males and 18 females, aged from 21 to 60 years old with an average age of (35.0±2.2) years. The time of bone nonunion ranged from 9 to 24 months with an average of (14.1±1.5) months. Operative time, blood loss, hospital stay , complications, bone healing time and recovery of function were observed, Evanich scoring was applied to evaluate clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of (15.2±2.7) months. Operative time ranged from 105.1 to 130.2 min with an average of (112.5±10.2) min;blood loss ranged from 207.0 to 250.2 ml with an average of (220.6±14.7)ml; hospital stay ranged from 10 to 15 days with an average of (12.2±1.5) d. All patients were obtained bone healing from 4 to 12 months after additional plate internal fixation, with an average of (6.2±1.9) months. No implant failure and infection occurred after operation. According to Evanich scoring of knee joint, total score was 83.2±5.6, 22 cases obtained excellent results, 17 good and 1 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Limited incision approach locking plate with original intramedullary nail fixation for femoral hypertrophic nonunions subsequent to intramedullary fixation could receive good results, increase stability of fracture, and could increase stability of fracture, provide environment for callus growth. It had advantages of high cure rate, less trauma and complications, and also could do functional exercise earlier to promote good recovery of knee joint.</p>

Treatment of Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture with locked plate and xenogenic bony plate / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the therapeutic effect of plate cable system and cortical strut bone graft in the prosthesis revision of the total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 8 patients were selected from January 2006 to January 2013, including 6 males and 2 females, aged from 56 to 74 years old (62.52 years old on average). All the cases were treated by the long plate cable system and appropriate cortical strut bone graft. Harris score was used to evaluate the hip functions before and after the operation. Prosthesis stability and the bony union were assessed by the digital radiography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 45 months on average ranging from 24 to 60 months after operation. All the fractures reached union, and there was no infection, stem loosening, nonunion and malunion. The Harris score was 28.45±5.78 before operation, which was improved to 83.46±10.21 after operation. X ray showed that the prosthesis was stable, and the host bone and bone graft achieved bony union in 7 patients;and the other 1 patient need further operation of revision around the loose stem.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prosthesis revision of the total hip arthroplasty with the locking plate and cortical strut bone graft used for the Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic proximal femur fractures has the advantages of simple manipulation, less complications, good recovery of the hip function and can improve bone quality to provide favorable conditions for operation of revision.</p>

Comparison of three methods of internal fixations for intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects of three methods of internal fixations in treating intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2004 to 2008, the clinical data of 112 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were retrospectively analyzed. There were 63 males and 49 females, aged from 60 to 80 years with an average of 66.2 years. The patients were treated respectively with dynamic hip screws (DHS group, 40 cases), anatomic plate (anatomic plate group, 36 cases) and proximal femoral intramedullary nails (PFN group, 36 cases). The data of each group were collected for statistical analysis on the following aspects: operative time, blood loss volume, clinical healing time of fracture, postoperative complications, and hip functional score of Harris.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All these patients were followed up from 20 to 24 months with an average of 22.6 months. There was no significant difference in operative time, blood loss volume among three groups; there was significant difference in clinical healing time of fracture, Harris score and postoperative complications among three groups (P < 0.05). In the healing time, the PFN group was significantly less than that of other groups (P = 0.001), but there was no differences between DHS group and anatomic plate group. In the Harris score, the PFN group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P = 0.001), but there was no differences between DHS group and anatomic plate group. In the aspect of postoperation complication, there was 2 cases of coxa vara, 1 case of internal fixation loosening and 1 case of deep venous thrombosis in the DHS group; there were 2 cases of deep venous thrombosis in the PFN group; there were 2 cases of coxa vara and 1 case of internal fixation loosening in the anatomic plate group (P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the treatment of intertronchanteric fractures, proximal femoral intramedullary nail may be the best choice, which can decrease healing time as well as complications postoperatively.</p>

Transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach for thoracolumbar fractures / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and safety of the treatment for thoracolumbar fractures with transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2007 to December 2008, 19 cases of thoracolumbar fractures were treated with transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach. There were 7 female and 12 male, ranging from 21 to 57 years of age (mean 40.8 years) at surgery. The time from injury to surgery varied from 1 d to 5 d (mean 2.9 d). Nineteen patients all suffered from single thoracolumbar fracture with the distribution of injury level being T(11) in 1, T(12) in 5, L(1) in 9, and L(2) in 4. According to Denis fracture classification, there were 5 compression fractures and 14 burst fractures. The mean preoperative ratio of the anterior height of the body was 57.2%, kyphosis angle was 17.6° and occupation of spinal canal was 27.7%. The mean preoperative load-sharing classification of spine fractures was 5.2. Based on the ASIA neurologic grading system, preoperative neurological function was grade B in 2 cases, C in 9 and D in 8.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Median operating time was 83.8 min (range 60-95 min) and median blood loss was 133 ml (range 90 - 200 ml). Infection did not occur in any of the patients and the operative incisions were healing well. Average follow-up time was 19.2 months (range 12 - 36 months). At the latest follow-up, the height of the anterior border was corrected to 88.4%, the kyphosis angle was 6.1°, and the occupation of spinal canal was 8.2% on average. The postoperative neurologic function of all 19 patients was improved with grade D in 2 cases and E in 17. There were no instances of instrumentation failure and no patient had persistent postoperative back pain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach could provide reliable neurologic improvement in patients with incomplete neurologic deficit, and could prevent the development of kyphosis.Furthermore, it has the obvious advantages of less invasive and blood loss, and decreases the risks of postoperative lumbodorsal pain.</p>

Ulnar osteotomy and internal fixation for old anterior dislocation of radial head in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical results of ulnar osteotomy and internal fixation in treating old anterior dislocation of radial head in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jan.2004 to Jan.2010, 18 patients with old anterior dislocation of radial head were treated with open reduction for radial head and ulnar osteotomy and internal fixation, including 12 males and 6 females with an average age of (6.9 +/- 1.3) years (3 to 15 years). Among them, 15 cases had history of external injury, from injury to operation was for 5-65 months with an average of (24.0 +/- 5.5) months. Limitation of activity occurred in all patients including flexion and extension of elbow joint and rotation of forearm, without radial nerve injury and obviously radial head deformation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All incisions obtained primary healing and no nonunion, re-dislocation of radial head and nerve injury were found. All patients were followed up from 9 to 38 months with an average of (17.0 +/- 4.5) months. Union time of fracture was from 2.3 to 3.9 months with an average of (2.8 +/- 0.5) months. Postoperative activity in flexion and extension of elbow joint and rotation of forearm improved significantly compared with preoperative. The clinical effects were evaluated according to Zhuyukui criteria, 14 patients got excellent results, 3 good, 1 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ulnar osteotomy and internal fixation in treating old anterior dislocation of radial head in children can obtain satisfactory results and effectively improve the activities in flexion and extension of elbow joint and rotation of forearm and prevent re-dislocation of radial head.</p>

Application of absorbable screw in treatment of scaphoid fracture by retrograde internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the surgical effects of treatment of scaphoid fracture with retrograde internal fixation using absorbable screw.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 2001 to December 2007, 18 cases of scaphoid fracture were treated with absorbable screw by retrograde internal fixation. There were 12 males and 6 females with an average age of 26 years ranging from 17 to 40 years. Ten cases were medium fractures of scaphoid and 8 cases were proximal fraxtures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed-up for from 12 to 36 months (means 25 months). Among them, 17 cases were union and 1 case was nonunion. The mean time of union was 13 weeks. The mean range of motion of wrist was about 90% and mean scratch strength of wrist was about 95% to fine lateral. There were no pain in 14 cases, and slight pain in 3, medial pain in 1 casea of ununion. According to Cooney's clinical evaluation system, the score was increased from (68.2 +/- 1.5) before operation to (88.7 +/- 1.2) after operation, the postoperative score was higher than preoperative remarkable; 9 patients were fine, 8 were good and 1 was bad.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This technology had some advantage such as simple surgery, decreasing demonstrate rest blood circulation, stable fixation, reducing bone healing time and increasing healing time. It is an effective way to treat scaphoid fracture.</p>

Design and experimental study of an epiphyseal slide-traction plate / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an epiphyseal slide-traction plate in child, which can supply the fracture a sufficient internal fixation, and will not restrain the growth of epiphyses. Animal experiments were carried out with the plates to compare the slide-traction with traditional plate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Develop a slide-traction plate for the configuration of the femur condylus of children. Thirty adolescent goats in the experiment were divided into control group (12 goats) and plate group (18 goats). In plate group, right femurs of goats were fixed with common plates and the left femurs with slide-traction plates. All the goats were given X-ray examination at different time after surgery. And the goats were sacrificed at 3 and 6 month, histological method and electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the development of epiphyseal plate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The both femurs of the goats in control group have no difference in evidence in length at all time we examined. And the both femurs of the goats fixed with plates have no difference in evidence in length at 1 day after surgery. However, the both femurs of the goats fixed with plates have difference in evidence in length at 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month after surgery. The increased length of the femurs at I month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month after surgery was also compared with the length at 1 day after surgery, there was difference in evidence between the right femurs of the control group and the femurs were fixed with common plates, but no difference in evidence between the left femurs of the normal control group and the femurs were fixed with slide-traction plate (P > 0.05). More thicker epiphyseal plate were found in the left femurs than the right femurs of the group fixed with plates at 3 and 6 month after surgery (P < 0.01). In the plate group, safranine O staining showed epiphyseal plates at the left femurs had more fuscous staining than the right femurs at 3 and 6 month after surgery and electron microscopy also found that the cells of the epiphyseal plates of left femurs were more eugenic than the right femurs at 3 and 6 month after surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The epiphyseal slide-traction plate can slide with the growth of epiphyses, which is suitable for fixation of the fracture in this part.</p>

Treatment of refracture in plate-screw fixation of femoral shaft with plate and xenogenic bony plate / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate curative effect of plate and xenogenic bony plate were applied in refracture in plate-screw fixation of femoral shaft.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen cases of refracture in plate-screw fixation of femoral shaft included 8 males and 5 females, average age was 31.2 years ranging from 14 to 57. Fracture type was comminuted fracture in 7 cases, oblique fracture in 4 cases, transverse fracture in 2 cases. Fixation type used eight holes femoral LC-DCP in 5 cases, eight holes epipodite LC-DCP in 2 cases, six holes femoral LC-DCP in 2 cases, 8 holes La-Plate in 4 cases. All the patients were treated by femoral LC-DCP and xenogenic bony plate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the patients were followed up from 16 to 40 months with average of 32 months. All cases had undergone only one operation and achieved bony union. Average time of bony union was 9 months. The lower limbs resumed walk and beared a heavy burden. According to criterion of Merchan, the results were excellent in 7 cases,good in 4,fair in 1 and poor in 1, the excellent and good rate of knee function was 84.6% (11/13) in one year after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of refracture in plate-screw fixation of femoral shaft with armor plate and xenogenic bony plate is a reliable treatment.</p>

Bone splint technique and plating application in adolescent high-energy comminuted fracture of distal femur with bone defects / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Comminuted fracture of distal femur is a common lower limb injury from traffic accidents, especially from motor accidents. Routine dynamic condylar screw (DCS) or 95-degree condylar plate (CP) sometimes cannot solve the bone defect in the center of alignment and contralateral diaphysis for the reason of absent screw anchor point, especially for AO C2.2-2.3 types. Many authors recommended open reduction and fixation with less invasive stabilization system (LISS) as the treatment of choice, but there are still problems in fusion and alignment. In this study, we reported our experiences with the use of bone splint technique in the high-energy commimuted fracture of distal femur with central and medial bone defect in adolescents.